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Jefferson County, Indiana

One of the oldest of Indiana's counties, named in 1811in honor of President Thomas Jefferson

County Seat: Madison

Largest City: Madison (2023 population: 12,208)

Population per Square Mile: 91.67

Square Miles: 360.60

Go to county's in.gov site

Population over TimeNumberRank in StatePercent of StateIndiana
Yesterday (2020)33,147500.5%6,484,050
Today (2023)33,056500.5%6,862,199
Tomorrow (2030 projection)*33,080500.5%7,013,509
Percent Change 2020 to Today-0.3%30 1.1%

*Projection based on 2020 Census population estimates.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Components of Population Change, 2022-2023NumberRank in StatePercent of StateIndiana
Net Domestic Migration15732 4,599
Net International Migration3338 17,869
Natural Increase (births minus deaths)-7061-0.9%7,508

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population Estimates by Age, 2023NumberRank in StatePct Dist.
in County
Pct Dist.
in State
Preschool (0 to 4)1,734555.2%5.9%
School Age (5 to 17)4,8415614.6%17.2%
College Age (18 to 24)3,152439.5%9.6%
Young Adult (25 to 44)7,9754824.1%25.8%
Older Adult (45 to 64)8,7764726.5%24.2%
Seniors (65 and older)6,5784619.9%17.2%
Median Age42.1  Median Age = 38.2

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2023NumberRank of Pct Dist.
in County
Pct Dist.
in State
American Indian or Alaska Native Alone143500.4%0.5%
Asian Alone310370.9%2.9%
Black Alone702382.1%10.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pac. Isl. Alone44300.1%0.1%
White31,3495194.8%83.7%
Two or More Race Groups508451.5%2.5%
Hispanic or Latino Origin (can be of any race)    
Non-Hispanic31,8854896.5%91.2%
Hispanic1,171483.5%8.8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Household TypesNumberRank in StatePct Dist.
in County
Pct Dist.
in State
Households in 2022 (Includes detail not shown below)12,89047100.0%100.0%
Married With Children2,2275317.3%18.1%
Married Without Children3,5285827.4%29.6%
Single Parents1,3503510.5%9.0%
Living Alone4,0204131.2%29.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

HousingNumberRank in StatePct Dist.
in County
Pct Dist.
in State
Total Housing Units in 2023 (estimate)14,57548100.0%100.0%
Total Housing Units in 2022 (includes vacant units)14,41448100.0%100.0%
Owner Occupied
(Pct. distribution based on all housing units)
9,0185262.6%63.5%
Median Value (2022)$168,10037  
Renter Occupied
(Pct. distribution based on all housing units)
3,8723626.9%27.1%
Median Rent (2022)$61247  

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

EducationNumberRank in StatePercent of StateIndiana
School Enrollment (2023/2024 Total Reported) 4,689560.4%1,124,877
Public4,046580.4%1,032,265
Adults (25+ in 2022 ACS)23,144470.5%4,532,091
with High School diploma or higher87.9%69 90%
with B.A. or higher degree18%56 28.2%

Sources: Indiana Department of Education; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Income and PovertyNumberRank in StatePercent of StateIndiana
Per Capita Personal Income (annual) in 2023$54,9254489.7%61,243
Median Household Income in 202264,2144796.2%$66,768
Poverty Rate in 202211.9%4895.2%12.5%
Poverty Rate among Children under 1814.5%4894.2%15.4%
Welfare (TANF) Monthly Average Families in 202320350.5%4,144
Food Stamp Recipients in 20232,327490.4%601,912
Free and Reduced Fee Lunch Recipients in 2023/20242,225540.4%497,203

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Family Social Services Administration; Indiana Department of Education

Health and Vital StatisticsNumberRank of Percent of StateIndiana
Births, 2021345510.4%79,946
Births to Teens, 202122410.6%3,845
Deaths, 2019375460.6%66,005

Source: Indiana State Department of Health

Labor Force, 2023NumberRank in StatePercent of StateIndiana
Total Resident Labor Force15,064510.4%3,401,387
Employed14,597510.4%3,288,017
Unemployed467500.4%113,370
Annual Unemployment Rate3.14593.9%3.3
October 2024 Unemployment Rate3.84695.0%4.0

Source: STATS Indiana, using data from the Indiana Department of Workforce Development

Employment and Earnings by Industry, 2023 EmploymentPct Dist.
in County
Earnings ($000)Pct Dist.
In County
Avg. Earnings Per Job
Total by place of work17,310100.0%$1,008,548100.0%$58,264
Wage and Salary13,73679.4%$703,72569.8%$51,232
Farm Proprietors5253.0%$-373-0.0%$-710
Nonfarm Proprietors3,04917.6%$133,27313.2%$43,710
Farm5663.3%$1,3720.1%$2,424
Nonfarm16,74496.7%$1,007,17699.9%$60,151
Private14,18682.0%$850,68784.3%$59,967
  Accommodation, Food Serv.1,4088.1%$35,9103.6%$25,504
  Arts, Ent., Recreation1530.9%$8460.1%$5,529
  Construction6423.7%$41,8034.1%$65,114
  Health Care, Social Serv.1,85010.7%$134,50513.3%$72,705
  Information550.3%$2,3620.2%$42,945
  Manufacturing3,07517.8%$255,51325.3%$83,094
  Professional, Tech. Serv.4452.6%$00.0%$0
  Retail Trade2,30013.3%$135,48313.4%$58,906
  Trans., Warehousing4752.7%$32,7133.2%$68,869
  Wholesale Trade2041.2%$14,5051.4%$71,103
  Other Private (not above)3,57920.7%$172,60917.1%$48,228
Government2,55814.8%$156,48915.5%$61,176

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Residential Building Permits, 2023UnitsPct Dist.
in County
Pct Dist.
in State
Cost ($000)State Cost ($000)
Total Permits Filed72100.0%100.0%$14,063$7,695,489
Single-Family72100.0%63.0%$14,063$5,961,199
2-Family00.0%2.0%0$99,053
3- and 4-Family00.0%0.9%$0$40,460
5+ Family00.0%34.2%$0$1,594,777

Notes: Detail cost may not sum to total due to rounding. Greene County does not currently issue building permits, so it is excluded.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Largest Cities and Towns in Jefferson County

NamePopulation
in 2023
Percent of County
Brooksburg710.2%
Dupont3391.0%
Hanover3,81411.5%
Madison12,20836.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau annual population estimates

city graph