Jefferson County, Indiana
One of the oldest of Indiana's counties, named in 1811in honor of President Thomas Jefferson
County Seat: Madison
Largest City: Madison (2024 population: 12,108)
Population per Square Mile: 92.29
Square Miles: 360.60
Go to county's in.gov site
| Population over Time | Number | Rank in State | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| Yesterday (2020) | 33,147 | 50 | 0.5% | 6,484,050 |
| Today (2025) | 33,279 | 51 | 0.5% | 6,973,333 |
| Tomorrow (2030 projection)* | 33,080 | 50 | 0.5% | 7,013,509 |
| Percent Change 2020 to Today | 0.4% | 32 | | 2.8% |
*Projection based on 2020 Census population estimates.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center
| Components of Population Change, 2024-2025 | Number | Rank in State | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| Net Domestic Migration | 269 | 23 | | 12,197 |
| Net International Migration | 33 | 38 | | 17,852 |
| Natural Increase (births minus deaths) | -86 | 70 | -1.0% | 8,561 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
| Population Estimates by Age, 2024 | Number | Rank in State | Pct Dist.
in County | Pct Dist.
in State |
|---|
| Preschool (0 to 4) | 1,599 | 58 | 4.9% | 5.9% |
| School Age (5 to 17) | 4,828 | 55 | 14.7% | 17.0% |
| College Age (18 to 24) | 3,127 | 43 | 9.5% | 9.7% |
| Young Adult (25 to 44) | 7,994 | 50 | 24.3% | 25.9% |
| Older Adult (45 to 64) | 8,623 | 47 | 26.2% | 23.9% |
| Seniors (65 and older) | 6,750 | 46 | 20.5% | 17.5% |
| Median Age | 42.3 | | | Median Age = 38.3 |
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center
| Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2024 | Number | Rank of | Pct Dist.
in County | Pct Dist.
in State |
|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native Alone | 141 | 55 | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Asian Alone | 363 | 35 | 1.1% | 3.1% |
| Black Alone | 714 | 38 | 2.2% | 10.6% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pac. Isl. Alone | 46 | 29 | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| White | 31,112 | 51 | 94.5% | 83.2% |
| Two or More Race Groups | 545 | 46 | 1.7% | 2.5% |
| Non-Hispanic | 31,740 | 49 | 96.4% | 90.9% |
| Hispanic | 1,181 | 49 | 3.6% | 9.1% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
| Household Types | Number | Rank in State | Pct Dist.
in County | Pct Dist.
in State |
|---|
| Households in 2024 (Includes detail not shown below) | 12,790 | 49 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Married With Children | 2,193 | 53 | 17.1% | 17.9% |
| Married Without Children | 3,760 | 56 | 29.4% | 29.3% |
| Single Parents | 1,193 | 41 | 9.3% | 8.8% |
| Living Alone | 3,642 | 48 | 28.5% | 29.6% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.
| Housing | Number | Rank in State | Pct Dist.
in County | Pct Dist.
in State |
|---|
| Total Housing Units in 2024 (estimate) | 14,649 | 48 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Total Housing Units in 2024 (includes vacant units) | 14,517 | 48 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Owner Occupied
(Pct. distribution based on all housing units) | 9,188 | 54 | 63.3% | 64.4% |
| Median Value (2024) | $194,600 | 39 | | |
Renter Occupied
(Pct. distribution based on all housing units) | 3,602 | 37 | 24.8% | 26.9% |
| Median Rent (2024) | $689 | 38 | | |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.
| Education | Number | Rank in State | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| School Enrollment (2024/2025 Total Reported) | 4,771 | 55 | 0.4% | 1,132,621 |
| Public | 4,109 | 57 | 0.4% | 1,033,552 |
| Adults (25+ in 2024 ACS) | 23,212 | 47 | 0.5% | 4,596,004 |
| with High School diploma or higher | 90% | 55 | | 90.4% |
| with B.A. or higher degree | 19.8% | 50 | | 29.5% |
Sources: Indiana Department of Education; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.
| Income and Poverty | Number | Rank in State | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| Per Capita Personal Income (annual) in 2023 | $54,925 | 44 | 89.7% | 61,243 |
| Median Household Income in 2024 | 70,467 | 46 | 97.9% | $71,958 |
| Poverty Rate in 2024 | 14.2% | 18 | 117.4% | 12.1% |
| Poverty Rate among Children under 18 | 17.5% | 25 | 110.8% | 15.8% |
| Welfare (TANF) Monthly Average Families in 2025 | 24 | 33 | 0.5% | 4,863 |
| Food Stamp Recipients in 2025 | 2,212 | 52 | 0.4% | 578,293 |
| Free and Reduced Fee Lunch Recipients in 2024/2025 | 2,194 | 51 | 0.4% | 488,145 |
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Family Social Services Administration; Indiana Department of Education
| Health and Vital Statistics | Number | Rank of | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| Births, 2021 | 345 | 51 | 0.4% | 79,946 |
| Births to Teens, 2021 | 22 | 41 | 0.6% | 3,845 |
| Deaths, 2019 | 375 | 46 | 0.6% | 66,005 |
Source: Indiana State Department of Health
| Labor Force, 2024 | Number | Rank in State | Percent of State | Indiana |
|---|
| Total Resident Labor Force | 15,316 | 52 | 0.4% | 3,472,118 |
| Employed | 14,709 | 52 | 0.4% | 3,332,175 |
| Unemployed | 607 | 51 | 0.4% | 139,943 |
| Annual Unemployment Rate | 4.0 | 46 | 100.0% | 4.0 |
| January 2026 Unemployment Rate | 3.0 | 56 | 90.9% | 3.3 |
Source: STATS Indiana, using data from the Indiana Department of Workforce Development
| Employment and Earnings by Industry, 2023 | Employment | Pct Dist.
in County | Earnings ($000) | Pct Dist.
In County | Avg. Earnings Per Job |
|---|
| Total by place of work | 17,310 | 100.0% | $1,008,548 | 100.0% | $58,264 |
| Wage and Salary | 13,736 | 79.4% | $703,725 | 69.8% | $51,232 |
| Farm Proprietors | 525 | 3.0% | $-373 | -0.0% | $-710 |
| Nonfarm Proprietors | 3,049 | 17.6% | $133,273 | 13.2% | $43,710 |
| Farm | 566 | 3.3% | $1,372 | 0.1% | $2,424 |
| Nonfarm | 16,744 | 96.7% | $1,007,176 | 99.9% | $60,151 |
| Private | 14,186 | 82.0% | $850,687 | 84.3% | $59,967 |
| Accommodation, Food Serv. | 1,408 | 8.1% | $35,910 | 3.6% | $25,504 |
| Arts, Ent., Recreation | 153 | 0.9% | $846 | 0.1% | $5,529 |
| Construction | 642 | 3.7% | $41,803 | 4.1% | $65,114 |
| Health Care, Social Serv. | 1,850 | 10.7% | $134,505 | 13.3% | $72,705 |
| Information | 55 | 0.3% | $2,362 | 0.2% | $42,945 |
| Manufacturing | 3,075 | 17.8% | $255,513 | 25.3% | $83,094 |
| Professional, Tech. Serv. | 445 | 2.6% | $0 | 0.0% | $0 |
| Retail Trade | 2,300 | 13.3% | $135,483 | 13.4% | $58,906 |
| Trans., Warehousing | 475 | 2.7% | $32,713 | 3.2% | $68,869 |
| Wholesale Trade | 204 | 1.2% | $14,505 | 1.4% | $71,103 |
| Other Private (not above) | 3,579 | 20.7% | $172,609 | 17.1% | $48,228 |
| Government | 2,558 | 14.8% | $156,489 | 15.5% | $61,176 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
| Residential Building Permits, 2024 | Units | Pct Dist.
in County | Pct Dist.
in State | Cost ($000) | State Cost ($000) |
|---|
| Total Permits Filed | 58 | 100.0% | 100.0% | $12,922 | $8,133,071 |
| Single-Family | 58 | 100.0% | 75.4% | $12,922 | $6,951,719 |
| 2-Family | 0 | 0.0% | 1.9% | 0 | $100,498 |
| 3- and 4-Family | 0 | 0.0% | 0.8% | $0 | $45,624 |
| 5+ Family | 0 | 0.0% | 21.9% | $0 | $1,035,231 |
Notes: Detail cost may not sum to total due to rounding. Greene County does not currently issue building permits, so it is excluded.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Largest Cities and Towns in Jefferson County
| Name | Population
in 2024 | Percent of County |
|---|
| Brooksburg | 70 | 0.2% |
| Dupont | 338 | 1.0% |
| Hanover | 3,827 | 11.5% |
| Madison | 12,108 | 36.4% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau annual population estimates
Hoosiers by the Numbers