IN Depth Regional Profile

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Central Indiana

Counties include: Bartholomew, Boone, Brown, Clay, Clinton, Decatur, Delaware, Fayette, Fountain, Franklin, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Owen, Parke, Putnam, Randolph, Rush, Shelby, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Tipton, Union, Vermillion, Vigo, Warren, Wayne

Largest City: Indianapolis Consolidated (2024 population: 900,896)

Population per Square Mile: 244.5

Square Miles: 13,554.8

Population over Time	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
Yesterday (2020)	3,216,142	1	47.4%	6,785,528
Today (2024)	3,314,308	1	47.9%	6,924,275
Tomorrow (2030 projection)*	3,387,670	1	48.3%	7,013,509
Percent Change 2020 to Today	3.1%	1		2.0%

*Projection based on 2020 Census population estimates.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Components of Population Change, 2023-2024	Number	Rank of 3	Percent of State	Indiana
Net Domestic Migration	213	2		4,268
Net International Migration	21,724	1		30,852
Natural Increase (births minus deaths)	7,549	1	82.4%	9,159

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population Estimates by Age, 2024	Number	Rank of 3	Pct Dist. in Region	Pct Dist. in State
Preschool (0 to 4)	194,842	1	5.9%	5.9%
School Age (5 to 17)	559,486	1	16.9%	17.0%
College Age (18 to 24)	356,783	1	10.8%	9.7%
Young Adult (25 to 44)	890,702	1	26.9%	25.9%
Older Adult (45 to 64)	775,449	1	23.4%	23.9%
Seniors (65 and older)	537,046	1	16.2%	17.5%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2024	Number	Rank of 3	Pct Dist. in Region	Pct Dist. in State
American Indian or Alaska Native Alone	14,591	2	0.4%	0.5%
Asian Alone	144,803	1	4.4%	3.1%
Black Alone	422,421	1	12.7%	10.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pac. Isl. Alone	2,320	1	0.1%	0.1%
White	2,643,204	1	79.8%	83.2%
Two or More Race Groups	86,969	1	2.6%	2.5%
Hispanic or Latino Origin (can be of any race)
Non-Hispanic	3,044,990	1	91.9%	90.9%
Hispanic	269,318	2	8.1%	9.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Household Types	Number	Rank of 3	Pct Dist. in Region	Pct Dist. in State
Households in 2023 (includes detail not shown below)	1,281,809	1	100.0%	100.0%
Married With Children	237,124	2	18.5%	18.1%
Married Without Children	361,227	1	28.2%	29.3%
Single Parents	110,124	1	8.6%	8.9%
Living Alone	385,614	1	30.1%	29.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Housing	Number	Rank of 3	Pct Dist. in Region	Pct Dist. in State
Total Housing Units in 2024 (estimate)	1,442,937	1	100.0%	100.0%
Total Housing Units in 2023 (includes vacant units)	1,399,425	1	100.0%	100.0%
Owner Occupied (Pct. distribution based on all housing units)	854,547	1	61.1%	63.9%
Renter Occupied (Pct. distribution based on all housing units)	427,262	1	30.5%	26.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Education	Number	Rank of 3	Percent of State	Indiana
School Enrollment (2024/2025 Total Reported)	556,351	1	49.1%	1,132,621
Public	512,570	1	49.6%	1,033,552

Sources: Indiana Department of Education; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Income and Poverty	Number	Rank of 3	Percent of State	Indiana
Per Capita Personal Income (annual) in 2023	$65,740	1	107.3%	$61,243
Welfare (TANF) Monthly Average Families in 2024	2,375	1	49.3%	4,813
Food Stamp Recipients in 2024	295,934	1	48.6%	608,295
Free and Reduced Fee Lunch Recipients in 2024/2025	240,803	1	49.3%	488,145

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Family Social Services Administration; Indiana Department of Education

Health and Vital Statistics	Number	Rank of 3	Percent of State	Indiana
Births, 2021	38,036	1	47.6%	79,946
Births to Teens, 2021	1,749	1	45.5%	3,845
Deaths, 2019	28,632	1	43.4%	66,005

Source: Indiana State Department of Health

Labor Force, 2024	Number	Rank of 3	Percent of State	Indiana
Total Resident Labor Force	1,699,901	1	49.2%	3,455,992
Employed	1,633,317	1	49.3%	3,310,992
Unemployed	66,584	1	45.9%	145,000
Annual Unemployment Rate	3.9	2	92.9%	4.2
May 2025 Unemployment Rate	3.2	2	94.1%	3.4

Source: STATS Indiana, using data from the Indiana Department of Workforce Development

Employment and Earnings by Industry, 2023	Employment	Pct Dist. in Region	Earnings ($000)	Pct Dist. In Region	Avg. Earnings Per Job
Total by place of work	2,088,090	100.0%	$159,398,583	100.0%	$76,337
Wage and Salary	1,656,327	79.3%	$108,246,437	67.9%	$65,353
Farm Proprietors	15,918	0.8%	$799,890	0.5%	$50,251
Nonfarm Proprietors	415,845	19.9%	$27,611,622	17.3%	$66,399
Farm	19,216	0.9%	$1,010,001	0.6%	$52,560
Nonfarm	2,068,874	99.1%	$158,388,582	99.4%	$76,558
Private	1,826,931	87.5%	$139,610,637	87.6%	$76,418
Accommodation, Food Serv.	141,457*	6.8%*	$4,602,745*	2.9%*	$32,538*
Arts, Ent., Recreation	37,865*	1.8%*	$1,566,220*	1.0%*	$41,363*
Construction	114,111	5.5%	$9,742,438	6.1%	$85,377
Health Care, Social Serv.	226,430*	10.8%*	$19,019,197*	11.9%*	$83,996*
Information	23,291*	1.1%*	$1,994,473*	1.3%*	$85,633*
Manufacturing	196,433	9.4%	$21,087,273	13.2%	$107,351
Professional, Tech. Serv.	130,392*	6.2%*	$13,355,723*	8.4%*	$102,427*
Retail Trade	187,991*	9.0%*	$7,691,031*	4.8%*	$40,912*
Trans., Warehousing	146,259*	7.0%*	$7,904,194*	5.0%*	$54,042*
Wholesale Trade	65,935*	3.2%*	$7,815,462*	4.9%*	$118,533*
Other Private (not above)	526,551*	25.2%*	$43,082,829*	27.0%*	$81,821*
Government	241,943	11.6%	$18,777,945	11.8%	$77,613

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
* These totals do not include county data that are not available due to BEA non-disclosure requirements.

Residential Building Permits, 2024	Units	Pct Dist. in Region	Pct Dist. in State	Cost ($000)	State Cost ($000)
Total Permits Filed	15,558	100.0%	100.0%	$4,863,894	$8,133,071
Single-Family	11,004	70.7%	75.4%	$4,017,281	$6,951,719
2-Family	320	2.1%	1.9%	$71,821	$100,498
3- and 4-Family	127	0.8%	0.8%	$36,085	$45,624
5+ Family	4,107	26.4%	21.9%	$738,706	$1,035,231

Notes: Detail cost may not sum to total due to rounding. Greene County does not currently issue building permits, so it is excluded.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Largest Cities and Towns in Central Indiana

Name	Population in 2024	Percent of Region
Bloomington	79,986	2.4%
Carmel	103,606	3.1%
Fishers	103,986	3.1%
Greenwood	68,175	2.1%
Indianapolis	891,484	26.9%
Lafayette	71,757	2.2%
Muncie	65,320	2.0%
Noblesville	75,239	2.3%
Terre Haute	58,531	1.8%
Westfield	62,994	1.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau annual population estimates